Examples from the lectures

From info216

S07: SHACL

The examples are for use with the interactive SHACL Playground.

Minimal example

First shape graph: 

@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix dcterm: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/> .
@prefix th: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/theme/> .
@prefix ss: <http://semanticscholar.org/> .


kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property kg:MainPaperYearShape  .

kg:MainPaperYearShape
        sh:path kg:year .

First data graph: 

@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix dcterm: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/> .
@prefix th: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/theme/> .
@prefix ss: <http://semanticscholar.org/> .


kg:LOD_Paper
    a kg:MainPaper ;
    dcterm:title "Linked Data - The Story so Far" .

This should not give a validation error.

Alternative shape graph

Keep the prefixes from the first examples. You can also write the property constraint as an anyonymous node like this: 

kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path kg:year 
    ] .

This is equivalent to the previous example (no validation error).

Cardinality constraints on properties

Add a minimum constraint to the kg:year property: 

kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path kg:year ;
        sh:minCount 1
    ] .

Now you should get a validation error.

  • In the data graph, add two kg:year properties (e.g., 2008 and 2009) to kg_LOD_Paper to get rid of the error.
  • In the shapes graph, add a sh:maxCount 1 constraint to get another validation error.
  • In the data graph, remove one kg:year property value from kg:LOD_Paper to get rid of the error (2009 is the right year).

Datatype constraint on literal property values

Add the following property constraint to the previous example: 

kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path kg:year ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:datatype xsd:integer
    ] .

This should not give a validation error.

  • In the shapes graph, change the datatype constraint to sh:datatype xsd:year. Now you should get an error.
  • In the data graph, change the integer 2009 to the typed value "2009"^^xsd:year to get rid of the error.

Class and node kind constraints

Add the following property constraints to the shape graph, either with a URI like this: 

kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property kg:MainPaperYearShape, MainPaperContributorShape  

...

kg:MainPaperContributorShape
        sh:path dcterm:contributor ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:class kg:MainAuthor ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI .

Or like this: 

kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property [
        sh:path kg:year ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:maxCount 1 ;
        sh:datatype xsd:year 
    ], [
        sh:path dcterm:contributor ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:class kg:MainAuthor ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI 
    ] .

Either way should give you a validation error.

  • In the data graph, add dcterm:contributor "T. Berners-Lee" to get rid of the cardinality error. The error goes away, but you get two new ones instead.
  • In the data graph, add dcterm:contributor [ a kg:MainAuthor ; foaf:name "T. Berners-Lee" ] to get rid of the error. The class error goes away, but the IRI error remains.
  • In the data graph, create an IRI for Tim-Berners Lee to resolve the error:
    ...
    dcterm:contributor kg:TBL .

kg:TBL
    a kg:MainAuthor;
    foaf:name "T. Berners-Lee" .


Full example

Final shape graph from the lecture: 

@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix dcterm: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/> .
@prefix th: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/theme/> .
@prefix ss: <http://semanticscholar.org/> .


kg:MainPaperShape
    a sh:NodeShape ;
    sh:targetClass kg:MainPaper ;
    sh:property kg:MainPaperYearShape, kg:MainPaperContributorShape .

kg:MainPaperYearShape
        sh:path kg:year ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:maxCount 1 ;
        sh:datatype xsd:year .

kg:MainPaperContributorShape
        sh:path dcterm:contributor ;
        sh:minCount 1 ;
        sh:class kg:MainAuthor ;
        sh:nodeKind sh:IRI .

Final data graph from the lecture: 

@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix dcterm: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/> .
@prefix th: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/theme/> .
@prefix ss: <http://semanticscholar.org/> .


kg:LOD_Paper
    a kg:MainPaper ;
    dcterm:title "Linked Data - The Story so Far" ;
    kg:year "2006"^^xsd:year ;
    dcterm:contributor kg:TBL, kg:CB .

kg:TBL
    a kg:MainAuthor;
    foaf:name "T. Berners-Lee" .
 
kg:CB
     a kg:MainAuthor;
     foaf:name "C. Bizer" .
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