Lab Solutions

This page will be updated with Python examples related to the labs as the course progresses.

Examples from the lectures

Lecture 1: Introduction to KGs

Turtle example:

@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
ex:Roger_Stone
    ex:name "Roger Stone" ;
    ex:occupation ex:lobbyist ;
    ex:significant_person ex:Donald_Trump .
ex:Donald_Trump
    ex:name "Donald Trump" .

Lecture 2: RDF

Blank nodes for anonymity, or when we have not decided on a URI:

from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, DC, FOAF, XSD

EX = Namespace('http://example.org/')

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)  # this is why the line '@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .'
                  # and the 'ex.' prefix are used when we print out Turtle later

robertMueller = BNode()
g.add((robertMueller, RDF.type, EX.Human))
g.add((robertMueller, FOAF.name, Literal('Robert Mueller', lang='en')))
g.add((robertMueller, EX.position_held, Literal('Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation', lang='en')))

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))

Blank nodes used to group related properties:

from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, DC, FOAF, XSD

EX = Namespace('http://example.org/')

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)

# This is a task in Exercise 2

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))

Literals:

from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, DC, FOAF, XSD

EX = Namespace('http://example.org/')

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)

g.add((EX.Robert_Mueller, RDF.type, EX.Human))
g.add((EX.Robert_Mueller, FOAF.name, Literal('Robert Mueller', lang='en')))
g.add((EX.Robert_Mueller, FOAF.name, Literal('رابرت مولر', lang='fa')))
g.add((EX.Robert_Mueller, DC.description, Literal('sixth director of the FBI', datatype=XSD.string)))
g.add((EX.Robert_Mueller, EX.start_time, Literal(2001, datatype=XSD.integer)))

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))

Alternative container (open):

from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, DC, FOAF, XSD

EX = Namespace('http://example.org/')

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)

muellerReportArchives = BNode()
g.add((muellerReportArchives, RDF.type, RDF.Alt))

archive1 = 'https://archive.org/details/MuellerReportVolume1Searchable/' \
                    'Mueller%20Report%20Volume%201%20Searchable/'
archive2 = 'https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/18/politics/full-mueller-report-pdf/index.html'
archive3 = 'https://www.politico.com/story/2019/04/18/mueller-report-pdf-download-text-file-1280891'

g.add((muellerReportArchives, RDFS.member, Literal(archive1, datatype=XSD.anyURI)))
g.add((muellerReportArchives, RDFS.member, Literal(archive2, datatype=XSD.anyURI)))
g.add((muellerReportArchives, RDFS.member, Literal(archive3, datatype=XSD.anyURI)))

g.add((EX.Mueller_Report, RDF.type, FOAF.Document))
g.add((EX.Mueller_Report, DC.contributor, EX.Robert_Mueller))
g.add((EX.Mueller_Report, SCHEMA.archivedAt, muellerReportArchives))

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))

Sequence container (open):

from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, DC, FOAF, XSD

EX = Namespace('http://example.org/')

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)

donaldTrumpSpouses = BNode()
g.add((donaldTrumpSpouses, RDF.type, RDF.Seq))
g.add((donaldTrumpSpouses, RDF._1, EX.IvanaTrump))
g.add((donaldTrumpSpouses, RDF._2, EX.MarlaMaples))
g.add((donaldTrumpSpouses, RDF._3, EX.MelaniaTrump))

g.add((EX.Donald_Trump, SCHEMA.spouse, donaldTrumpSpouses))

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))

Collection (closed list):

from rdflib import Graph, Namespace, Literal, BNode, RDF, RDFS, DC, FOAF, XSD

EX = Namespace('http://example.org/')

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)

from rdflib.collection import Collection

g = Graph()
g.bind('ex', EX)

donaldTrumpSpouses = BNode()
Collection(g, donaldTrumpSpouses, [
    EX.IvanaTrump, EX.MarlaMaples, EX.MelaniaTrump
])
g.add((EX.Donald_Trump, SCHEMA.spouse, donaldTrumpSpouses))

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))
g.serialize(destination='s02_Donald_Trump_spouses_list.ttl', format='turtle')

print(g.serialize(format='turtle'))