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* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x_xzT5eF5Q What is Linked Data?] Short video introduction to Linked Data by Manu Sporny
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4x_xzT5eF5Q What is Linked Data?] Short video introduction to Linked Data by Manu Sporny
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vioCbTo3C-4 What is JSON-LD?] Short video introduction to JSON-LD by Manu Sporny
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vioCbTo3C-4 What is JSON-LD?] Short video introduction to JSON-LD by Manu Sporny


==Lecture 5: Open Knowledge Graphs==
==Lecture 5: Open Knowledge Graphs==
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* Parts 1 and 3 in Blumauer & Nagy's text book (not tightly related to the lecture, but time to finish them by now :-))
* Parts 1 and 3 in Blumauer & Nagy's text book (not tightly related to the lecture, but time to finish them by now :-))
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction Introduction to Wikidata] and its [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/Indexing/RDF_Dump_Format RDF mapping]
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction Introduction to Wikidata] and its [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikibase/Indexing/RDF_Dump_Format RDF mapping]
** Endpoints and Wikidata Query Service (WDQS)
* [http://wiki.dbpedia.org/about About Dbpedia], its [https://wiki.dbpedia.org/services-resources/ontology Ontology], which you can [https://dbpedia.org/ontology/Place browse]
* [http://wiki.dbpedia.org/about About Dbpedia], its [https://wiki.dbpedia.org/services-resources/ontology Ontology], which you can [https://dbpedia.org/ontology/Place browse]
* [https://www.gdeltproject.org/ The GDELT Project] - see also the About and Data pages
* [https://www.gdeltproject.org/ The GDELT Project] - see also the About and Data pages
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* [https://wordnet.princeton.edu/ WordNet - A lexical database for English]
* [https://wordnet.princeton.edu/ WordNet - A lexical database for English]
* [http://live.babelnet.org/about About BabelNet]
* [http://live.babelnet.org/about About BabelNet]
** SPARQL Extensions - Full Text Search, GeoSpatial Search, Refication Done Right
* [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Introduction Wikidata]
* Endpoints and Wikidata Query Service (WDQS)




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Themes:  
Themes:  
* Enterprise Knowledge Graphs
* Google’s Knowledge Graph
* Google’s Knowledge Graph
* Amazon’s Product Graphs
* Amazon’s Product Graphs
* Others (← F1)
* News Hunter’s infrastructure and architecture
* News Hunter’s infrastructure and architecture


Mandatory readings:
Mandatory readings:
* [https://www.blog.google/products/search/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not/ Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things not Strings], Amit Singhal, Google (2012). ''(The blog post that introduced Google's knowledge graph to the world.)''
* [https://blog.google/products/search/about-knowledge-graph-and-knowledge-panels/ A reintroduction to our Knowledge Graph and knowledge panels], Danny Sullivan, Google (2020).
* [https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/innovation-at-amazon/making-search-easier How Amazon’s Product Graph is helping customers find products more easily], Arun Krishnan, Amazon (2018). ''(Short blog post that reviews some central ideas from the AutoKnow research paper listed below.)''
* [[:File:S11-EnterpriseKnowledgeGraphs.pdf | Slides from the lecture (old slides from 2021)]]  
* [[:File:S11-EnterpriseKnowledgeGraphs.pdf | Slides from the lecture (old slides from 2021)]]  
* [[:File:S11-NewsHunter-InfraAndArch.pdf | Slides about the News Hunter infrastructure and architecture (old slides from 2021)]]
* [[:File:S11-NewsHunter-InfraAndArch.pdf | Slides about the News Hunter infrastructure and architecture (old slides from 2021)]]


Supplementary readings:
Supplementary readings:
* Parts 2 and 4 in Blumauer & Nagy's text book (suggested)
* Parts 2 and 4 in Blumauer & Nagy's text book (''strongly suggested - this is where Blumauer & Nagy's book is good!'')
* [https://www.blog.google/products/search/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not/ Introducing the Knowledge Graph: Things not Strings], Amit Singhal, Google (2012). ''(The blog post that introduced Google's knowledge graph to the world.)''
* [[:File:2006.13473.pdf | AutoKnow: Self-Driving Knowledge Collection for Products of Thousands of Types]]. Example of research paper from Amazon - this is a bit heavy for Bachelor level, but you can have a look :-)
* [https://blog.google/products/search/about-knowledge-graph-and-knowledge-panels/ A reintroduction to our Knowledge Graph and knowledge panels], Danny Sullivan, Google (2020).
 
* [[:File:2006.13473.pdf | AutoKnow: Self-Driving Knowledge Collection for Products of Thousands of Types]]. Example of research paper from Amazon - perhaps a bit heavy on Bachelor level, but you may want to have a look :-)
* [https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/innovation-at-amazon/making-search-easier How Amazon’s Product Graph is helping customers find products more easily], Arun Krishnan, Amazon (2018). ''(Short blog post that reviews some central ideas from the above research paper.)''


==Lecture 7: Rules (RDFS)==
==Lecture 7: Rules (RDFS)==
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Mandatory readings:
Mandatory readings:
* Chapters 6-7 in Allemang & Hendler (mandatory)
* Chapters 6-7 in Allemang & Hendler
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ W3C's RDF Schema 1.1], focus on sections 1-3 and 6 (mandatory)
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ W3C's RDF Schema 1.1], focus on sections 1-3 and 6
* [[:File:S05-RDFS.pdf | Slides from the lecture (old slides from 2021)]]  
* [[:File:S05-RDFS.pdf | Slides from the lecture (old slides from 2021)]]  


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* Pages 101-106 in Blumauer & Nagy (suggested)
* Pages 101-106 in Blumauer & Nagy (suggested)
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/ W3C's RDF 1.1 Semantics] (cursory, except the axioms and entailments in sections 8 and 9, which we will review in the lecture)
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-mt/ W3C's RDF 1.1 Semantics] (cursory, except the axioms and entailments in sections 8 and 9, which we will review in the lecture)
* [https://github.com/blazegraph/database/wiki/InferenceAndTruthMaintenance Inference and Thruth Maintenance in Blazegraph]
* [https://github.com/RDFLib/OWL-RL OWL-RL] adds inference capability on top of RDFLib. To use it, copy the ''owlrl'' folder into your project folder, next to your Python files, and import it with ''import owlrl''.
* [https://github.com/RDFLib/OWL-RL OWL-RL] adds inference capability on top of RDFLib. To use it, copy the ''owlrl'' folder into your project folder, next to your Python files, and import it with ''import owlrl''.
* [https://owl-rl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/owlrl.html OWL-RL documentation] (most likely more detailed than you will need - check the [[Python Examples]] first
* [https://owl-rl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/owlrl.html OWL-RL documentation] (most likely more detailed than you will need - check the [[Python Examples]] first
* [https://github.com/blazegraph/database/wiki/InferenceAndTruthMaintenance Inference and Thruth Maintenance in Blazegraph]
<!--
* [https://jena.apache.org/documentation/inference/index.html Reasoners and rules engines: Jena inference support] (cursory; sections 1 and 3 are relevant, but quite hard)
* [https://jena.apache.org/documentation/javadoc/jena/ Javadoc] for
** Model (createRDFSModel)
** InfModel (getRawModel, remove + the same methods as Model)
** RDFS (label, comment, subClassOf, subPropertyOf, domain, range...)
** Reasoner (but we will not use it directly)
: (supplementary, but perhaps necessary for the labs and project)


Case-based examples:
* [[:File:S5_RDFS_Example.pdf | RDFS Eating vegetables case]]
-->


==Lecture 8: Vocabularies==
==Lecture 8: Ontologies (OWL)==
 
Themes:
* LOD vocabularies and ontologies
 
Mandatory readings:
* Chapters 9-10 and 13 in Allemang & Hendler (mandatory)
* [http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/ Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)]
* [[:File:S07-S08-VocabulariesAndOntologies.pdf | Slides from the lectures (old slides from 2021)]]
* [[:File:S08-NewsAngler-ontologies.pdf | Additional slides about the News Angler/News Hunter ontologies (old slides from 2021)]]
 
Useful materials:
* Vocabularies / ontologes:
** [http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization System Home Page]
** [http://schema.org/docs/full.html schema.org - Full Hierarchy]
** [http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core (DC)]
** [http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ Friend of a Friend (FOAF)]
** [https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/ geo: World Geodetic Standard (WGS) 84]
** [http://purl.org/vocab/vann/ Annotating vocabulary descriptions (VANN)]
** [https://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/note Vocabulary Status (VS)]
** [http://creativecommons.org/ns Creative Commons (CC) Vocabulary]
** [http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# Provenance Interchange (PROV)]
** [http://motools.sourceforge.net/event/event.html Event Ontology (event)]
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/ Time ontology in OWL (time, OWL-time)]
** [http://motools.sourceforge.net/timeline/timeline.html Timeline Ontology (tl)]
** [http://vocab.org/bio/ Biographical Information (BIO)]
** [http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec/ Semantic Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC)]
** [http://bibliontology.com/ Bibliographic Ontology (bibo)]
** [http://musicontology.com/ Music Ontology (mo)]
 
'''This is what we expect you to know about each vocabulary:''' Its purpose and where and how it can be used. You should know its most central 3-6 classes and properties be able to explain its basic structure. It is less important to get all the names and prefixes 100% right: we do not expect you to learn every little detail by heart.
 
==Lecture 9: Ontologies (OWL)==


Themes:
Themes:
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Mandatory readings:
Mandatory readings:
* Chapter 8 in Allemang & Hendler (mandatory)
* Chapter 8 in Allemang & Hendler
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-primer OWL2 Primer], sections 2-6
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-primer OWL2 Primer], sections 2-6
* [http://vowl.visualdataweb.org/ VOWL: Visual Notation for OWL Ontologies]
* [http://vowl.visualdataweb.org/ VOWL: Visual Notation for OWL Ontologies]
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Useful materials (cursory):
Useful materials (cursory):
* Pages 106-109 in Blumauer & Nagy (suggested)
* Pages 106-109 in Blumauer & Nagy (suggested)
<!--
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-overview OWL 2 Document Overview]
* [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-overview OWL 2 Document Overview]
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-quick-reference/ OWL 2 Quick Reference Guide]
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-quick-reference/ OWL 2 Quick Reference Guide]
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* The OWL-RL materials from Lecture 5
* The OWL-RL materials from Lecture 5
* [[:File:LohmannEtAl2016-VisualizingOntologiesWithVOWL.pdf | Lohmann et al. (2019): Visualizing Ontologies with VOWL. ''Semantic Web Journal.'']] ''Paper.''
* [[:File:LohmannEtAl2016-VisualizingOntologiesWithVOWL.pdf | Lohmann et al. (2019): Visualizing Ontologies with VOWL. ''Semantic Web Journal.'']] ''Paper.''
<!--
* [https://jena.apache.org/documentation/javadoc/jena/ Javadoc] for
** OntModel (createOntologyModel)
** OntModelSpec (the different reasoners are outlined [https://jena.apache.org/documentation/inference/index.html here (very long)], OWL_MEM_RULE_INF is a good starting point)
** OWL (defines built-in OWL resources)
** OntClass, Individual, ObjectProperty, DatatypeProperty
: (supplementary, but perhaps necessary for the labs and project)


Case-based examples:
* [[:File:S6_RDFS_Plus_Example.pdf | RDFS Plus People and Person case]]


OWL helpful clarifications:
==Lecture 9: Vocabularies==
* [[:File:OWL-example_I.pdf | owl:InverseFuctionalProperty vs owl:propertyDisjointWith]]
 
-->
Themes:
* LOD vocabularies and ontologies
 
Mandatory readings:
* Chapters 9-10 and 13 in Allemang & Hendler
* [http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/ Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV)]
2021)]]
* Important vocabularies / ontologies:
** ''This is what we expect you to know about each vocabulary:'' Its purpose and where and how it can be used. You should know its most central 3-6 classes and properties be able to explain its basic structure. It is less important to get all the names and prefixes 100% right: we do not expect you to learn every little detail by heart.
** [http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ SKOS - Simple Knowledge Organization System Home Page]
** [http://schema.org/docs/full.html schema.org - Full Hierarchy]
** [http://dublincore.org/ Dublin Core (DC)]
** [http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ Friend of a Friend (FOAF)]
** [http://creativecommons.org/ns Creative Commons (CC) Vocabulary]
** [http://www.w3.org/ns/prov# Provenance Interchange (PROV)]
** [http://motools.sourceforge.net/event/event.html Event Ontology (event)]
** [http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-time/ Time ontology in OWL (time, OWL-time)]
** [http://rdfs.org/sioc/spec/ Semantic Interlinked Online Communities (SIOC)]
* [[:File:S07-S08-VocabulariesAndOntologies.pdf | Slides from the lectures (old slides from 2021)]]
* [[:File:S08-NewsAngler-ontologies.pdf | Additional slides about the News Angler/News Hunter ontologies (old slides from
 
Useful materials:
* More vocabularies / ontologies:
** [https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/ geo: World Geodetic Standard (WGS) 84]
** [http://purl.org/vocab/vann/ Annotating vocabulary descriptions (VANN)]
** [https://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/note Vocabulary Status (VS)]
** [http://motools.sourceforge.net/timeline/timeline.html Timeline Ontology (tl)]
** [http://vocab.org/bio/ Biographical Information (BIO)]
** [http://bibliontology.com/ Bibliographic Ontology (bibo)]
** [http://musicontology.com/ Music Ontology (mo)]
 


==Lecture 10: Reasoning about KGs (DL)==
==Lecture 10: Reasoning about KGs (DL)==
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Mandatory readings:
Mandatory readings:
* [[:File:S13-OWL-DL.pdf | Slides from the lecture (old slides from 2021)]
* [[:File:S13-OWL-DL.pdf | Slides from the lecture (old slides from 2021)]]


Useful materials:
Useful materials:
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* [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~ezolin/dl/ Complexity of Reasoning in Description Logics. Powered by Evgeny Zolin.] (informative)
* [http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~ezolin/dl/ Complexity of Reasoning in Description Logics. Powered by Evgeny Zolin.] (informative)
* [[:File:DL-reasoning-RoyalFamily-final.owl.txt | Example file]] demonstrating Protege-OWL reasoning with HermiT.
* [[:File:DL-reasoning-RoyalFamily-final.owl.txt | Example file]] demonstrating Protege-OWL reasoning with HermiT.
<!--
 
Useful materials:
* [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095741741101640X Sicilia et al. (2012): Empirical findings on ontology metrics.] ''(very cursory paper)''
-->


==Lecture 11: Formal ontologies (OWL-DL)==
==Lecture 11: Formal ontologies (OWL-DL)==

Revision as of 15:30, 22 January 2022

Textbooks

Main course book:

  • Dean Allemang, James Hendler & Fabien Gandon (2020). Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist, Effective Modeling for Linked Data, RDFS and OWL (Third Edition). ISBN: 9781450376143, PDF ISBN: 9781450376150, Hardcover ISBN: 9781450376174, DOI: 10.1145/3382097. The whole book is mandatory reading.

Supplementary text book (not mandatory):

  • Andreas Blumauer and Helmut Nagy (2020). The Knowledge Graph Cookbook - Recipes that Work. mono/monochrom. ISBN-10: ‎3902796707, ISBN-13: 978-3902796707.

Other materials

In addition, the materials listed below for each lecture are either mandatory or suggested reading. More materials will be added to each lecture in the coming weeks.

The lectures and lectures notes are also part of the curriculum.

Make sure you download the electronic resources to your own computer in good time before the exam. This is your own responsibility. That way you are safe if a site becomes unavailable or somehow damaged the last few days before the exam.

Note: to download some of the papers, you may need to be inside UiB's network. Either use a computer directly on the UiB network or connect to your UiB account through VPN.

Lectures

Below are the mandatory and suggested readings for each lecture. All the textbook chapters in Allemang, Hendler & Gandon are mandatory, whereas the chapters in Blumauer & Nagy are suggested.

To be updated - the readings below are not final for Spring 2022.


Lecture 1: Introduction to knowledge Graphs

Themes:

  • Introduction to Knowledge Graphs
  • Organisation of INFO216

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 2: Representing KGs (RDF)

Themes:

  • RDF
  • Programming RDF in Python

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 3: Querying and updating KGs (SPARQL)

Themes:

  • SPARQL queries
  • SPARQL Update
  • Programming SPARQL and SPARQL Update in Python

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 4: Storing and sharing KGs

Themes:

  • Triple stores and Blazegraph
  • Web APIs and JSON-LD
  • Other serialisation formats

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 5: Open Knowledge Graphs

Themes:

  • The LOD cloud
  • Important open KGs (LOD datasets)
    • Wikidata
    • DBpedia
    • the GDELT project
    • EventKG
    • GeoNames
    • WordNet
    • BabelNet
    • and others

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 6: Enterprise Knowledge Graphs

Themes:

  • Enterprise Knowledge Graphs
  • Google’s Knowledge Graph
  • Amazon’s Product Graphs
  • News Hunter’s infrastructure and architecture

Mandatory readings:

Supplementary readings:


Lecture 7: Rules (RDFS)

Themes:

  • RDFS
  • Axioms, rules and entailment
  • Programming RDFS in Python

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 8: Ontologies (OWL)

Themes:

  • Basic OWL concepts
  • Axioms, rules and entailments
  • Programming basic OWL in Python

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials (cursory):


Lecture 9: Vocabularies

Themes:

  • LOD vocabularies and ontologies

Mandatory readings:

2021)]]

Useful materials:


Lecture 10: Reasoning about KGs (DL)

Themes:

  • Description logic
  • Decision problems
  • OWL-DL

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:


Lecture 11: Formal ontologies (OWL-DL)

Themes:

  • Advanced OWL

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:

Lecture 12: KG embeddings

Lecture 13: Knowledge Engineering

Themes:

  • Knowledge engineering
  • The Ontology Development 101 method

Mandatory readings:

Useful materials:

  • The rest of Blumauer & Nagy (suggested)

Lecture 14: Wrapping up

 

INFO216, UiB, 2017-2022, Andreas L. Opdahl (c)
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