Solution examples 2023
Task 2: RDF and SHACL
Questions 51-54:
RDF: Add triples TBD
*** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . @prefix : <http://info216.uib.no/movies/> .
Questions 55 and 56:
:DirectorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Director ;
# A Director must have exactly one foaf:name of type xsd:string.
sh:property [
sh:path foaf:name ;
sh:minCount 1 ; # question 55
sh:maxCount 1 ; # question 55
sh:type xsd:string # question 56
] ;
Question 57:
# A Director must be the director of at least one Movie.
sh:property [
sh:path :director_of ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:class :Movie
] .
Question 58:
:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Actor ;
# If an actor is an actor in a resource, that resource must be a movie.
sh:property [
sh:path :actor_in ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:class :Movie
] ;
Question 59:
:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Actor ;
sh:property [ # this is informative - not mandatory part of answer
sh:path :plays_role ;
sh:class :Role ;
] ;
# If an actor plays a role that is a role in some resource, that resource must be a movie.
sh:property [
sh:path ( :plays_role :role_in ) ;
sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:path :actor_in ] ;
sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;
] .
Question 60:
:MovieShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Movie ;
# A movie must be directed by at least one director or acted in by at least one actor.
sh:or (
[ sh:property [
sh:path [ sh:inversePath :actor_in ] ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
] ]
[ sh:property [
sh:path [ sh:inversePath :director_of ] ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
] ]
) .
- RDFS rules
A resource that is a director_of something is a director.
- director_of rdfs:domain :Director .
A resource that something else is a director_of is a movie.
- director_of rdfs:range :Movie .
The year of something has type xsd:year.
- year rdfs:range xsd:year .
An actor is a Person.
- Actor rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .
A director is a person.
- Director rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .
- OWL axioms
Nothing can be both a person and a movie.
- Person owl:disjointWith :Movie .
Nothing can be more than one of a person, a role, or a movie.
[] a owl:DisjointClass ;
owl:disjointClasses ( :Person :Role :Movie ) .
Something that plays in at least one Movie is an Actor.
- Actor rdfs:subClassOf [
a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :play_in ; owl:someValueFrom owl:Thing
]
A LeadActor is an Actor that plays at least one LeadRole.
- LeadActor rdfs:subClassOf :Actor, [
a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :plays_role ; owl:someValueFrom :LeadRole .
] .
- SPARQL queries
Count the number of movies that are represented in the graph.
SELECT (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie
}
List the titles and years of all movies.
SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
}
List the titles and years of all movies since 2000.
SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
FILTER (INTEGER(?year) >= 2000)
}
SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
FILTER (?year >= "2000"^^xsd:year)
}
List the titles and years of all movies sorted first by year, then by name.
SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
} ORDER BY ?year, ?name
Count the number of movies for each year with more than one movie.
SELECT ?year (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:year ?year
} GROUP BY ?year HAVING ?count > 1
List the names of all persons that are both directors and actors.
SELECT ?name WHERE {
?person (:plays_in & :director_of) / rdf:type :Movie ;
foaf:name ?name
}
List the actor name and movie title for all lead roles.
SELECT ?name ?title WHERE {
?role rdf:type :LeadRole ;
^:plays_role / foaf:name ?name ;
:role_in / dc:title ?title
}
List all distinct pairs of actor names that have played lead roles in the same movies.
SELECT ?name1 ?name2 WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
^:?role_in ?role1, ?role2 .
?role1 rdf:type :LeadRole ;
^:plays_role / foaf:name ?name1 .
?role2 rdf:type :LeadRole ;
^:plays_role / foaf:name ?name2 .
FILTER (STR(?name1) < STR(?name2))
}
- Examples related to the programming task
from owlrl import DeductiveClosure, OWLRL_Semantics import pandas as pd from pyshacl import validate from rdflib import Namespace, Graph, Literal, RDF, DC, FOAF, XSD
ONTOLOGY_FILE = './movie-ontology.ttl'
SHACL_FILE = './movie-shacl.ttl'
DIRECTOR_FILE = './movie-director-year.csv'
LEAD_ROLE_FILE = './movie-actor-lead-role.csv'
OTHER_ROLE_FILE = './movie-actor-other-role.csv'
BASE_URI = 'http://example.org/' MOVIE = Namespace(BASE_URI)
def add_movie_triples(g, row):
movie = row.to_dict()
# example dict:
# {'Movie': 'Pulp_Fiction', 'Director': 'Quentin_Tarantino', 'Year': 1994}
movie_name = movie['Movie']
director_name = movie['Director']
movie_year = movie['Year']
# update g with a set of triples that represent the movie and its director
g.add((MOVIE[director_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Director))
g.add((MOVIE[director_name], FOAF.name, Literal(director_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[director_name], MOVIE.director_of, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Movie))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], DC.title, Literal(movie_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], MOVIE.year, Literal(movie_year, datatype=XSD.year)))
def add_lead_role_triples(g, row):
movie = row.to_dict()
# example dict:
# {'Movie': 'Pulp_Fiction', 'Director': 'Quentin_Tarantino', 'Year': 1994}
movie_name = movie['Movie']
actor_name = movie['Actor']
role_name = movie_name+'-role-'+movie['LeadRole']
# update g with a set of triples that represent the movie and its director
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Actor))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], FOAF.name, Literal(actor_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.actor_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.plays_role, MOVIE[role_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.LeadRole))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], FOAF.name, Literal(movie['LeadRole'])))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], MOVIE.role_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Movie))
def add_other_role_triples(g, row):
movie = row.to_dict()
# example dict:
# {'Movie': 'Pulp_Fiction', 'Director': 'Quentin_Tarantino', 'Year': 1994}
movie_name = movie['Movie']
actor_name = movie['Actor']
role_name = movie_name+'-role-'+movie['Role']
# update g with a set of triples that represent the movie and its director
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Actor))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], FOAF.name, Literal(actor_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.actor_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.plays_role, MOVIE[role_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Role))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], FOAF.name, Literal(movie['Role'])))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], MOVIE.role_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Movie))
def load_movie_triples(g, fn):
df = pd.read_csv(fn) df.apply(lambda row: add_movie_triples(g, row), axis=1)
def load_lead_role_triples(g, fn):
df = pd.read_csv(fn) df.apply(lambda row: add_lead_role_triples(g, row), axis=1)
def load_other_role_triples(g, fn):
df = pd.read_csv(fn) df.apply(lambda row: add_other_role_triples(g, row), axis=1)
g = Graph()
g.bind(, MOVIE)
load_movie_triples(g, DIRECTOR_FILE)
load_lead_role_triples(g, LEAD_ROLE_FILE)
load_other_role_triples(g, OTHER_ROLE_FILE)
print(g.serialize(format='ttl'))
sg = Graph()
sg.parse(SHACL_FILE, format='ttl')
r = validate(g,
shacl_graph=sg,
# ont_graph=og,
inference='rdfs'
)
val, rg, rep = r print(rep)
g.parse(ONTOLOGY_FILE)
DeductiveClosure(OWLRL_Semantics).expand(g)
print(g.serialize(format='ttl'))