Solution examples 2023 - Revision history

Sinoa: /* Task 5: Programming */

2024-05-06T12:34:13Z

Task 5: Programming

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:34, 6 May 2024
Line 265:		Line 265:
	g = Graph()		g = Graph()
	g.bind('', MOVIE)		g.bind('', MOVIE)
			g.bind('dc', DC)
			g.bind('foaf', FOAF)
	</pre>		</pre>

Line 419:		Line 421:
	g = Graph()		g = Graph()
	g.bind('', MOVIE)		g.bind('', MOVIE)
			g.bind('dc', DC)
			g.bind('foaf', FOAF)

	load_movie_triples(g, DIRECTOR_FILE)		load_movie_triples(g, DIRECTOR_FILE)
	load_lead_role_triples(g, LEAD_ROLE_FILE)		load_lead_role_triples(g, LEAD_ROLE_FILE)

Sinoa at 12:32, 6 May 2024

2024-05-06T12:32:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:32, 6 May 2024
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	'''RDFS rules'''		'''RDFS rules'''

	Question 61:		'''Question 61:'''
	A resource that is a director_of something is a director.		A resource that is a director_of something is a director.

	:director_of rdfs:domain :Director .		:director_of rdfs:domain :Director .

	Question 62:		'''Question 62:'''
	A resource that something else is a director_of is a movie.		A resource that something else is a director_of is a movie.

	:director_of rdfs:range :Movie .		:director_of rdfs:range :Movie .

	Question 63:		'''Question 63:'''
	The year of something has type xsd:year.		The year of something has type xsd:year.

	:year rdfs:range xsd:year .		:year rdfs:range xsd:year .

	Question 64:		'''Question 64:'''
	An actor is a Person.		An actor is a Person.

	:Actor rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .		:Actor rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .

	Question 65:		'''Question 65:'''
	A director is a person.		A director is a person.

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	'''OWL axioms'''		'''OWL axioms'''

	Question 66:		'''Question 66:'''
	Nothing can be both a person and a movie.		Nothing can be both a person and a movie.

	:Person owl:disjointWith :Movie .		:Person owl:disjointWith :Movie .

			'''Question 67:'''
	Question 67:
	Nothing can be more than one of a person, a role, or a movie.		Nothing can be more than one of a person, a role, or a movie.

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	owl:disjointClasses ( :Person :Role :Movie ) .		owl:disjointClasses ( :Person :Role :Movie ) .

	Question 68:		'''Question 68:'''
	Something that plays in at least one Movie is an Actor.		Something that plays in at least one Movie is an Actor.

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	]		]

	Question 69:		'''Question 69:'''
	A LeadActor is an Actor that plays at least one LeadRole.		A LeadActor is an Actor that plays at least one LeadRole.

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	==Task 4: SPARQL queries==		==Task 4: SPARQL queries==

	Question 70:		'''Question 70:'''
	Count the number of movies that are represented in the graph.		Count the number of movies that are represented in the graph.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 71:		'''Question 71:'''
	List the titles and years of all movies.		List the titles and years of all movies.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 72:		'''Question 72:'''
	List the titles and years of all movies since 2000.		List the titles and years of all movies since 2000.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 73:		'''Question 73:'''
	List the titles and years of all movies sorted first by year, then by name.		List the titles and years of all movies sorted first by year, then by name.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 74:		'''Question 74:'''
	Count the number of movies for each year with more than one movie.		Count the number of movies for each year with more than one movie.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 75:		'''Question 75:'''
	List the names of all persons that are both directors and actors.		List the names of all persons that are both directors and actors.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 76:		'''Question 76:'''
	List the actor name and movie title for all lead roles.		List the actor name and movie title for all lead roles.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 77:		'''Question 77:'''
	List all distinct pairs of actor names that have played lead roles in the same movies.		List all distinct pairs of actor names that have played lead roles in the same movies.

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	</pre>		</pre>

	Question 78-79:		'''Question 78-79:'''
	<br>SPARQL Update ''TBD.''		<br>SPARQL Update ''TBD.''

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	==Task 5: Programming==		==Task 5: Programming==

	'''Question 80:''		'''Question 80:'''
	<pre>		<pre>
	from rdflib import Namespace, Graph, Literal, RDF, DC, FOAF, XSD		from rdflib import Namespace, Graph, Literal, RDF, DC, FOAF, XSD
Line 269:		Line 268:


	'''Question 81:''		'''Question 81:'''
	<pre>		<pre>
	def add_movie_triples(g, row):		def add_movie_triples(g, row):
Line 288:		Line 287:


	'''Question 82:''		'''Question 82:'''
	<pre>		<pre>
	from pyshacl import validate		from pyshacl import validate
Line 312:		Line 311:


	'''Question 83:''		'''Question 83:'''
	<br>''TBD.''		<br>''TBD.''

	'''Question 84:''		'''Question 84:'''
	<pre>		<pre>
	from owlrl import DeductiveClosure, OWLRL_Semantics		from owlrl import DeductiveClosure, OWLRL_Semantics
Line 331:		Line 330:


	'''Full program''		'''Full program'''

	For reference, not expected exam answer:		For reference, not expected exam answer:

Sinoa: /* Task 4: SPARQL queries */

2024-05-06T12:29:58Z

Task 4: SPARQL queries

@@ Line 255: / Line 255: @@
-*** Examples related to the programming task
+==Task 5: Programming==
 from owlrl import DeductiveClosure, OWLRL_Semantics
 import pandas as pd

Sinoa: /* Task 3: RDFS rules and OWL expressions */

2024-05-06T12:18:07Z

Task 3: RDFS rules and OWL expressions

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:18, 6 May 2024
Line 85:		Line 85:

	==Task 3: RDFS rules and OWL expressions==		==Task 3: RDFS rules and OWL expressions==

			'''RDFS rules'''

	Question 61:		Question 61:
Line 112:		Line 114:


	~~***~~ OWL axioms		'''OWL axioms'''

	Question 66:		Question 66:
Line 145:		Line 147:


	~~***~~ SPARQL queries		==Task 4: SPARQL queries==

			Question 70:
	Count the number of movies that are represented in the graph.		Count the number of movies that are represented in the graph.

			<pre>
	SELECT (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {		SELECT (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie		?movie rdf:type :Movie
	}		}
			</pre>

			Question 71:
	List the titles and years of all movies.		List the titles and years of all movies.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {		SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie ;		?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
Line 160:		Line 167:
	dc:year ?year		dc:year ?year
	}		}
			</pre>

			Question 72:
	List the titles and years of all movies since 2000.		List the titles and years of all movies since 2000.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {		SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie ;		?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
Line 169:		Line 179:
	FILTER (INTEGER(?year) >= 2000)		FILTER (INTEGER(?year) >= 2000)
	}		}
			</pre>

			or:
			<pre>
	SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {		SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie ;		?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
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	FILTER (?year >= "2000"^^xsd:year)		FILTER (?year >= "2000"^^xsd:year)
	}		}
			</pre>

			Question 73:
	List the titles and years of all movies sorted first by year, then by name.		List the titles and years of all movies sorted first by year, then by name.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {		SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie ;		?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
Line 185:		Line 201:
	}		}
	ORDER BY ?year, ?name		ORDER BY ?year, ?name
			</pre>

			Question 74:
	Count the number of movies for each year with more than one movie.		Count the number of movies for each year with more than one movie.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?year (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {		SELECT ?year (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie ;		?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
Line 194:		Line 213:
	GROUP BY ?year		GROUP BY ?year
	HAVING ?count > 1		HAVING ?count > 1
			</pre>

			Question 75:
	List the names of all persons that are both directors and actors.		List the names of all persons that are both directors and actors.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?name WHERE {		SELECT ?name WHERE {
	?person (:plays_in & :director_of) / rdf:type :Movie ;		?person (:plays_in & :director_of) / rdf:type :Movie ;
	foaf:name ?name		foaf:name ?name
	}		}
			</pre>

			Question 76:
	List the actor name and movie title for all lead roles.		List the actor name and movie title for all lead roles.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?name ?title WHERE {		SELECT ?name ?title WHERE {
	?role rdf:type :LeadRole ;		?role rdf:type :LeadRole ;
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	:role_in / dc:title ?title		:role_in / dc:title ?title
	}		}
			</pre>

			Question 77:
	List all distinct pairs of actor names that have played lead roles in the same movies.		List all distinct pairs of actor names that have played lead roles in the same movies.

			<pre>
	SELECT ?name1 ?name2 WHERE {		SELECT ?name1 ?name2 WHERE {
	?movie rdf:type :Movie ;		?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
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	FILTER (STR(?name1) < STR(?name2))		FILTER (STR(?name1) < STR(?name2))
	}		}
			</pre>

			Question 78-79:
			<br>SPARQL Update ''TBD.''

Sinoa: /* Task 2: RDF and SHACL */

2024-05-06T12:13:05Z

Task 2: RDF and SHACL

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:13, 6 May 2024
Line 50:		Line 50:
	sh:property [		sh:property [
	sh:path :actor_in ;		sh:path :actor_in ;
	~~sh:minCount 1 ;~~
	sh:class :Movie		sh:class :Movie
	] ;		] ;

	</pre>		</pre>

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	:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;		:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
	sh:targetClass :Actor ;		sh:targetClass :Actor ;
	~~sh:property [ # this is informative - not mandatory part of answer~~
	~~sh:path :plays_role ;~~
	~~sh:class :Role ;~~
	~~] ;~~
	# If an actor plays a role that is a role in some resource, that resource must be a movie.		# If an actor plays a role that is a role in some resource, that resource must be a movie.
	sh:property [		sh:property [
	sh:path ( :plays_role :role_in ) ;		sh:path ( :plays_role :role_in ) ;
	sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:path :actor_in ] ;		sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:path :actor_in ] ;
	sh:~~qualifiedMinCount 1 ;~~		sh:class :Movie
	] .		] .
	</pre>		</pre>
Line 90:		Line 84:


			==Task 3: RDFS rules and OWL expressions==

			Question 61:



	*** RDFS rules

	A resource that is a director_of something is a director.		A resource that is a director_of something is a director.

	:director_of rdfs:domain :Director .		:director_of rdfs:domain :Director .

			Question 62:
	A resource that something else is a director_of is a movie.		A resource that something else is a director_of is a movie.

	:director_of rdfs:range :Movie .		:director_of rdfs:range :Movie .

			Question 63:
	The year of something has type xsd:year.		The year of something has type xsd:year.

	:year rdfs:range xsd:year .		:year rdfs:range xsd:year .

			Question 64:
	An actor is a Person.		An actor is a Person.

	:Actor rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .		:Actor rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .

			Question 65:
	A director is a person.		A director is a person.

	:Director rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .		:Director rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .


	*** OWL axioms		*** OWL axioms

			Question 66:
	Nothing can be both a person and a movie.		Nothing can be both a person and a movie.

	:Person owl:disjointWith :Movie .		:Person owl:disjointWith :Movie .


			Question 67:
	Nothing can be more than one of a person, a role, or a movie.		Nothing can be more than one of a person, a role, or a movie.

	[] a owl:DisjointClass ;		[] a owl:DisjointClass ;
	owl:disjointClasses ( :Person :Role :Movie ) .		owl:disjointClasses ( :Person :Role :Movie ) .

			Question 68:
	Something that plays in at least one Movie is an Actor.		Something that plays in at least one Movie is an Actor.

	:Actor rdfs:subClassOf [		:Actor rdfs:subClassOf [
	a owl:Restriction ;		a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty :play_in ;		owl:onProperty :play_in ;
	owl:someValueFrom owl:Thing		owl:someValueFrom owl:Thing
	]		]

			Question 69:
	A LeadActor is an Actor that plays at least one LeadRole.		A LeadActor is an Actor that plays at least one LeadRole.

	:LeadActor rdfs:subClassOf :Actor, [		:LeadActor rdfs:subClassOf :Actor, [
	a owl:Restriction ;		a owl:Restriction ;
	owl:onProperty :plays_role ;		owl:onProperty :plays_role ;
	owl:someValueFrom :LeadRole .		owl:someValueFrom :LeadRole .
	] .		] .

Sinoa at 12:07, 6 May 2024

2024-05-06T12:07:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 6 May 2024
Line 5:		Line 5:



			'''For questions 55-60:'''
	<pre>		<pre>
	*** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions		*** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions

Sinoa at 12:07, 6 May 2024

2024-05-06T12:07:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:07, 6 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
			==Task 2: RDF and SHACL==

			'''Questions 51-54:'''
			<br>RDF: Add triples ''TBD''


	<pre>		<pre>

	*** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions		*** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions

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	@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .		@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
	@prefix : <http://info216.uib.no/movies/> .		@prefix : <http://info216.uib.no/movies/> .
			</pre>

			'''Questions 55 and 56:'''
			<pre>
	:DirectorShape a sh:NodeShape ;		:DirectorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
	sh:targetClass :Director ;		sh:targetClass :Director ;
Line 18:		Line 25:
	sh:property [		sh:property [
	sh:path foaf:name ;		sh:path foaf:name ;
	sh:minCount 1 ;		sh:minCount 1 ; # question 55
	sh:maxCount 1 ;\\		sh:maxCount 1 ; # question 55
	sh:type xsd:string		sh:type xsd:string # question 56
	] ;		] ;
			</pre>

			'''Question 57:'''
			<pre>
	# A Director must be the director of at least one Movie.		# A Director must be the director of at least one Movie.
	sh:property [		sh:property [
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	sh:class :Movie		sh:class :Movie
	] .		] .
			</pre>

			'''Question 58:'''
			<pre>
	:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;		:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
	sh:targetClass :Actor ;		sh:targetClass :Actor ;
	~~sh:property [~~
	~~sh:path foaf:name ;~~
	~~sh:minCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:maxCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:type xsd:string~~
	~~] ;~~
	# If an actor is an actor in a resource, that resource must be a movie.		# If an actor is an actor in a resource, that resource must be a movie.
	sh:property [		sh:property [
Line 43:		Line 51:
	sh:class :Movie		sh:class :Movie
	] ;		] ;
	sh:property [
			</pre>

			'''Question 59:'''
			<pre>
			:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
			sh:targetClass :Actor ;
			sh:property [ # this is informative - not mandatory part of answer
	sh:path :plays_role ;		sh:path :plays_role ;
	sh:class :Role ;		sh:class :Role ;
Line 53:		Line 68:
	sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;		sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;
	] .		] .
			</pre>

			'''Question 60:'''
			<pre>
	:MovieShape a sh:NodeShape ;		:MovieShape a sh:NodeShape ;
	sh:targetClass :Movie ;		sh:targetClass :Movie ;
	~~sh:property [~~		# A movie must be directed by at least one director or acted in by at least one actor.
	~~sh:path dc:title ;~~
	~~sh:minCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:maxCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:type xsd:string~~
	~~] ;~~
	# A movie must be directed by at least one ~~dIrector~~ or acted in by at least one actor.
	sh:or (		sh:or (
	[ sh:property [		[ sh:property [
Line 72:		Line 84:
	sh:minCount 1 ;		sh:minCount 1 ;
	] ]		] ]
	) ;		) .
	~~sh:property [~~		</pre>
	~~sh:path :year ;~~
	~~sh:minCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:maxCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:type xsd:year~~
	~~] .~~

	~~:RoleShape a sh:NodeShape ;~~
	~~sh:targetClass :Role ;~~
	~~sh:property [~~
	~~sh:path foaf:name ;~~
	~~sh:minCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:maxCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:type xsd:string~~
	~~] ;~~
	~~sh:property [~~
	~~sh:path :role_in ;~~
	~~sh:minCount 1 ;~~
	~~sh:class :Movie~~
	~~] .~~

	~~:LeadRoleShape a sh:NodeShape ;~~
	~~sh:node :RoleShape ;~~
	~~sh:targetClass :LeadRole~~ .

Sinoa: Created page with "

  *** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions  @prefix rdf:  .  @prefix rdfs:  .  @prefix xsd:  .  @prefix owl:  .  @prefix dc:  . @prefix foaf:  . @prefix sh:  . @prefix :  .   :Di..."

2024-03-13T15:31:56Z

Created page with "<pre> *** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . @prefix : <http://info216.uib.no/movies/> . :Di..."

New page

<pre>

*** SHACL examples - includes answers to the exam questions

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix : <http://info216.uib.no/movies/> .

:DirectorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Director ;
# A Director must have exactly one foaf:name of type xsd:string.
sh:property [
sh:path foaf:name ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:maxCount 1 ;\\
sh:type xsd:string
] ;
# A Director must be the director of at least one Movie.
sh:property [
sh:path :director_of ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:class :Movie
] .

:ActorShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Actor ;
sh:property [
sh:path foaf:name ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:maxCount 1 ;
sh:type xsd:string
] ;
# If an actor is an actor in a resource, that resource must be a movie.
sh:property [
sh:path :actor_in ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:class :Movie
] ;
sh:property [
sh:path :plays_role ;
sh:class :Role ;
] ;
# If an actor plays a role that is a role in some resource, that resource must be a movie.
sh:property [
sh:path ( :plays_role :role_in ) ;
sh:qualifiedValueShape [ sh:path :actor_in ] ;
sh:qualifiedMinCount 1 ;
] .

:MovieShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Movie ;
sh:property [
sh:path dc:title ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:maxCount 1 ;
sh:type xsd:string
] ;
# A movie must be directed by at least one dIrector or acted in by at least one actor.
sh:or (
[ sh:property [
sh:path [ sh:inversePath :actor_in ] ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
] ]
[ sh:property [
sh:path [ sh:inversePath :director_of ] ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
] ]
) ;
sh:property [
sh:path :year ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:maxCount 1 ;
sh:type xsd:year
] .

:RoleShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:targetClass :Role ;
sh:property [
sh:path foaf:name ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:maxCount 1 ;
sh:type xsd:string
] ;
sh:property [
sh:path :role_in ;
sh:minCount 1 ;
sh:class :Movie
] .

:LeadRoleShape a sh:NodeShape ;
sh:node :RoleShape ;
sh:targetClass :LeadRole .

*** RDFS rules

A resource that is a director_of something is a director.

:director_of rdfs:domain :Director .

A resource that something else is a director_of is a movie.

:director_of rdfs:range :Movie .

The year of something has type xsd:year.

:year rdfs:range xsd:year .

An actor is a Person.

:Actor rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .

A director is a person.

:Director rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Person .

*** OWL axioms

Nothing can be both a person and a movie.

:Person owl:disjointWith :Movie .

Nothing can be more than one of a person, a role, or a movie.

[] a owl:DisjointClass ;
owl:disjointClasses ( :Person :Role :Movie ) .

Something that plays in at least one Movie is an Actor.

:Actor rdfs:subClassOf [
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :play_in ;
owl:someValueFrom owl:Thing
]

A LeadActor is an Actor that plays at least one LeadRole.

:LeadActor rdfs:subClassOf :Actor, [
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :plays_role ;
owl:someValueFrom :LeadRole .
] .

*** SPARQL queries

Count the number of movies that are represented in the graph.

SELECT (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie
}

List the titles and years of all movies.

SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
}

List the titles and years of all movies since 2000.

SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
FILTER (INTEGER(?year) >= 2000)
}

SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
FILTER (?year >= "2000"^^xsd:year)
}

List the titles and years of all movies sorted first by year, then by name.

SELECT ?title ?year WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:title ?title ;
dc:year ?year
}
ORDER BY ?year, ?name

Count the number of movies for each year with more than one movie.

SELECT ?year (COUNT(?movie) AS ?count) WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
dc:year ?year
}
GROUP BY ?year
HAVING ?count > 1

List the names of all persons that are both directors and actors.

SELECT ?name WHERE {
?person (:plays_in & :director_of) / rdf:type :Movie ;
foaf:name ?name
}

List the actor name and movie title for all lead roles.

SELECT ?name ?title WHERE {
?role rdf:type :LeadRole ;
^:plays_role / foaf:name ?name ;
:role_in / dc:title ?title
}

List all distinct pairs of actor names that have played lead roles in the same movies.

SELECT ?name1 ?name2 WHERE {
?movie rdf:type :Movie ;
^:?role_in ?role1, ?role2 .
?role1 rdf:type :LeadRole ;
^:plays_role / foaf:name ?name1 .
?role2 rdf:type :LeadRole ;
^:plays_role / foaf:name ?name2 .
FILTER (STR(?name1) < STR(?name2))
}

*** Examples related to the programming task

from owlrl import DeductiveClosure, OWLRL_Semantics
import pandas as pd
from pyshacl import validate
from rdflib import Namespace, Graph, Literal, RDF, DC, FOAF, XSD

ONTOLOGY_FILE = './movie-ontology.ttl'
SHACL_FILE = './movie-shacl.ttl'
DIRECTOR_FILE = './movie-director-year.csv'
LEAD_ROLE_FILE = './movie-actor-lead-role.csv'
OTHER_ROLE_FILE = './movie-actor-other-role.csv'

BASE_URI = 'http://example.org/'
MOVIE = Namespace(BASE_URI)

def add_movie_triples(g, row):
movie = row.to_dict()
# example dict:
# {'Movie': 'Pulp_Fiction', 'Director': 'Quentin_Tarantino', 'Year': 1994}
movie_name = movie['Movie']
director_name = movie['Director']
movie_year = movie['Year']
# update g with a set of triples that represent the movie and its director
g.add((MOVIE[director_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Director))
g.add((MOVIE[director_name], FOAF.name, Literal(director_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[director_name], MOVIE.director_of, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Movie))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], DC.title, Literal(movie_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], MOVIE.year, Literal(movie_year, datatype=XSD.year)))

def add_lead_role_triples(g, row):
movie = row.to_dict()
# example dict:
# {'Movie': 'Pulp_Fiction', 'Director': 'Quentin_Tarantino', 'Year': 1994}
movie_name = movie['Movie']
actor_name = movie['Actor']
role_name = movie_name+'-role-'+movie['LeadRole']
# update g with a set of triples that represent the movie and its director
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Actor))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], FOAF.name, Literal(actor_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.actor_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.plays_role, MOVIE[role_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.LeadRole))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], FOAF.name, Literal(movie['LeadRole'])))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], MOVIE.role_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Movie))

def add_other_role_triples(g, row):
movie = row.to_dict()
# example dict:
# {'Movie': 'Pulp_Fiction', 'Director': 'Quentin_Tarantino', 'Year': 1994}
movie_name = movie['Movie']
actor_name = movie['Actor']
role_name = movie_name+'-role-'+movie['Role']
# update g with a set of triples that represent the movie and its director
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Actor))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], FOAF.name, Literal(actor_name)))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.actor_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[actor_name], MOVIE.plays_role, MOVIE[role_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Role))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], FOAF.name, Literal(movie['Role'])))
g.add((MOVIE[role_name], MOVIE.role_in, MOVIE[movie_name]))
g.add((MOVIE[movie_name], RDF.type, MOVIE.Movie))

def load_movie_triples(g, fn):
df = pd.read_csv(fn)
df.apply(lambda row: add_movie_triples(g, row), axis=1)

def load_lead_role_triples(g, fn):
df = pd.read_csv(fn)
df.apply(lambda row: add_lead_role_triples(g, row), axis=1)

def load_other_role_triples(g, fn):
df = pd.read_csv(fn)
df.apply(lambda row: add_other_role_triples(g, row), axis=1)

g = Graph()
g.bind('', MOVIE)
load_movie_triples(g, DIRECTOR_FILE)
load_lead_role_triples(g, LEAD_ROLE_FILE)
load_other_role_triples(g, OTHER_ROLE_FILE)
print(g.serialize(format='ttl'))

sg = Graph()
sg.parse(SHACL_FILE, format='ttl')
r = validate(g,
shacl_graph=sg,
# ont_graph=og,
inference='rdfs'
)
val, rg, rep = r
print(rep)

g.parse(ONTOLOGY_FILE)
DeductiveClosure(OWLRL_Semantics).expand(g)

print(g.serialize(format='ttl'))
</pre>