*** Examples related to the "OWL in TTL" task from 2021:
A country has one or more regions.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
:Country rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :hasRegion ;
owl:someValuesFrom :Region ] .
A city is located in exactly one country.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
:City rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onProperty :inCountry ] .
A capital city is a city.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
:CapitalCity rdfs:subClassOf :City .
A country has only one capital.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
:Country rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onClass :CapitalCity ;
owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :inCountry ] ;
owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ] .
A division is either a country or a region.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
:Division owl:EquivalentClass [ owl:unionOf ( :Country :Region ) ] .
Anything that is adjacent to something is a division.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
:adjacentTo rdfs:domain :Division ;
rdfs:range :Division .
A division cannot be adjacent to itself.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
:adjacentTo a owl:IrreflexiveProperty .
A city is located in at most one region.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
:City rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:maximumCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onProperty :inRegion ] .
A capital region is a region that has a capital city.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
:CapitalRegion owl:intersectionOf ( :Region [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :inRegion ] ;
owl:someValuesFrom :CapitalCity ] ) .
If a city is in a region, it must be in the country of that region.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
:inRegion rdfs:subPropertyOf [ owl:propertyChainAxiom ( :inCountry :hasRegion ) ] .
An island state is a country that is next to no (other) country.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
:IslandState owl:intersectionOf ( :Country [ owl:complementOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty :adjancentTo ;
owl:someValuesFrom :Country ] ] ) .
A country with only one city and at most one region is a city state.
@prefix : <http://ex.org/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
:CityState owl:intersectionOf ( :Country [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onClass :City ;
owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf :inCountry ] ;
owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:NonNegativeInteger ] [ a owl:Restriction ;
owl:maxQualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:NonNegativeInteger ;
owl:onClass :Region ;
owl:onProperty :hasRegion ] ) .
*** Examples related to the "SPARQL" task from 2021:
PREFIX : <http://ex.org/>
INSERT DATA {
:Norway :hasRegion :OsloRegion, :Vestland, :Trondelag, :Rogaland, :Viken .
:OsloRegion :hasCity :Oslo .
}
PREFIX : <http://ex.org/>
INSERT DATA {
:Norway :citiesByPopulation ( :Oslo :Bergen :Trondheim :Stavanger :Drammen ) .
}
PREFIX : <http://ex.org/>
PREFIX rdf: <{RDF}>
SELECT ?city WHERE {{
:Norway (:citiesByPopulation / rdf:rest* / rdf:first) ?city .
}}
PREFIX : <http://ex.org/>
INSERT {
:Norway :hasCity ?city .
} WHERE {
:Norway (:citiesByPopulation / rdf:rest* / rdf:first) ?city .
}
INSERT DATA {
:Norway :hasCity :Os, :Voss, :Sandnes, :Fredrikstad, :Sarpsborg .
:OsloRegion :regionalCity :Oslo .
:Vestland :regionalCity :Bergen, :Os, :Voss .
:Trondelag :regionalCity :Trondheim .
:Rogaland :regionalCity :Stavanger, :Sandnes .
:Viken :regionalCity :Drammen, :Fredrikstad, :Sarpsborg .
:Oslo :hasPopulation 580000 .
:Bergen :hasPopulation 213585 .
:Os :hasPopulation 14046 .
:Voss :hasPopulation 6043 .
:Trondheim :hasPopulation 147139 .
:Stavanger :hasPopulation 121610 .
:Drammen :hasPopulation 90722 .
:Fredrikstad :hasPopulation 72760 .
:Sandnes :hasPopulation 63032 .
:Sarpsborg :hasPopulation 52159 .
}
PREFIX : <http://ex.org/>
SELECT ?region (SUM(?pop) AS ?cityPop) WHERE {
?region :regionalCity / :hasPopulation ?pop .
}
GROUP BY ?region
ORDER BY DESC(?cityPop)
