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=Examples from the lectures=
''This page currently shows the examples used in the Spring of 2023.
 
It will be updated with examples from 2024 as the course progresses.''
'''This page currently shows the examples used in the Spring of 2023.
It will be updated with examples from 2024 as the course progresses.'''


==Lecture 1: Introduction to KGs==
==Lecture 1: Introduction to KGs==
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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


<!--
==Lecture 2: RDF==
==Lecture 2: RDF==
Blank nodes for anonymity, or when we have not decided on a URI:
Blank nodes for anonymity, or when we have not decided on a URI:
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==Lecture 3: SPARQL==
==Lecture 3: SPARQL==


The KG4News knowledge graph can be accessed [http://bg.newsangler.uib.no here (namespace ''kb'')] (read-only). To test updates, you can run your own Blazegraph server or try the [http://sandbox.i2s.uib.no I2S sandbox].
The KG4News knowledge graph can be accessed online [http://bg.newsangler.uib.no here (namespace ''kb'')] (read-only), or you can load the Turtle file into your own GraphDB repository.
(Remember to save the file with ''.ttl'' extension. You can use ''http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/'' as base URI.)


===Limit===
===Limit===
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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


==Lecture 7: SHACL==
==Lecture 8: SHACL==
The examples are for use with the [https://shacl.org/playground/ interactive SHACL Playground].
The examples are for use with the [https://shacl.org/playground/ interactive SHACL Playground].


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</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


==Lecture 7: RDFS==
==Lecture 8: RDFS==
Create a new Blazegraph Namespace ''with inference'' and ''Use'' it.
Create two new GraphDB Repositories, one with RDFS inference and one with No inference. Try the SPARQL statements on both, so you can compare them.


===rdfs:subClassOf===
To test ''rdfs:subClassOf'':
In the ''Update'' tab, insert the ''Final data graph'' from the SHACL example above. (Select ''Type: RDF data'' and ''Format: Turtle''.)
 
Go to the ''Query'' tab, and SELECT all papers of type ''kg:MainPaper''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
PREFIX kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX dcterm: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>
PREFIX kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/>
PREFIX th: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/theme/>
PREFIX ss: <http://semanticscholar.org/>


SELECT ?paper WHERE {
INSERT DATA {  
    ?paper rdf:type kg:MainPaper
kg:LOD_paper rdf:type kg:MainPaper .
    kg:MainPaper rdfs:subClassOf kg:Paper .
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


Change the query to select all papers first of type ''ss:Paper'' and then of type ''foaf:Document''.
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
PREFIX kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>


In the ''Update'' tab:
ASK {
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
kg:LOD_paper rdf:type kg:Paper .
kg:MainPaper rdfs:subClassOf ss:Paper .
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


Back in the ''Query'' tab, rerun the query to select all papers first of type ''ss:Paper'' and then of type ''foaf:Document''.


===Transitive rdfs:subClassOf===
To test ''rdfs:domain'':
In the ''Update'' tab, add the following RDFS rule:
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
ss:Paper rdfs:subClassOf foaf:Document .
PREFIX kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/>
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
 
INSERT DATA {
kg:TBL kg:author kg:LOD_paper .
    kg:author rdfs:domain kg:Author .
}
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


Back in the ''Query'' tab, rerun the query to select all papers first of type ''ss:Paper'' and then of type ''foaf:Document''.
===rdfs:range===
In the ''Update'' tab, add another paper, which is cited (referenced) by the LOD paper:
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
kg:SW_Paper
PREFIX kg: <http://i2s.uib.no/kg4news/>
    dcterm:title "The Semantic Web" ;
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
    dcterm:contributor kg:TBL, kg:JH, kg:OL .
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>


kg:JH
ASK {
    foaf:name "J. Hendler" .
kg:TBL rdf:type kg:Author .
 
}
kg:OL
    foaf:name "O. Lassila" .
 
kg:LOD_Paper kg:cites kg:SW_Paper  # the new SW paper is cited by the LOD paper
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
Note that we have ''not'' stated the RDF types of the new paper and new authors.


In the ''Query'' tab, rerun the SPARQL queries to check that ''kg:SW_Paper'' has no ''rdf:type''.


In the ''Update'' tab add this RDFS rule:
To see all the triples in the KG:
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
<syntaxhighlight lang="ttl">
kg:cites rdfs:range ss:Paper .  # any paper that is cited by a kg:MainPaper is an ss:Paper
SELECT * WHERE {
</syntaxhighlight>
  ?s ?p ?o
 
}
Back in the ''Query'' tab, rerun the SPARQL queries to check that the new SW paper is now an ''ss:Paper'' and ''foaf:Document'', but not a ''kg:MainPaper''.
 
==Lecture 10: OWL-DL==
Here is the OWL file with the minimal Protégé / HermiT example from S10. Save it with the ''.owl'' suffix, for example ''s10-example.owl'', and ''File -> Open'' it in Protégé.
<syntaxhighlight lang='owl'>
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#"
    xml:base="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3"
    xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace"
    xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
    xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
    xmlns:untitled-ontology-3="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#">
    <owl:Ontology rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3"/>
 
    <!--
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Object Properties
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    -->
 
    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#hasSource -->
    <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#hasSource"/>
 
    <!--
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Classes
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    -->
 
    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#Content -->
    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#Content"/>
 
    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#Source -->
    <owl:Class rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#Source">
        <owl:equivalentClass>
            <owl:Restriction>
                <owl:onProperty>
                    <rdf:Description>
                        <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#hasSource"/>
                    </rdf:Description>
                </owl:onProperty>
                <owl:someValuesFrom rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#Content"/>
            </owl:Restriction>
        </owl:equivalentClass>
    </owl:Class>
 
    <!--
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    //
    // Individuals
    //
    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    -->
 
    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#NYTimes -->
    <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#NYTimes"/>
 
    <!-- http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#article_about_Trump_rally -->
    <owl:NamedIndividual rdf:about="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#article_about_Trump_rally">
        <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#Content"/>
        <hasSource rdf:resource="http://www.semanticweb.org/sinoa/ontologies/2023/2/untitled-ontology-3#NYTimes"/>
    </owl:NamedIndividual>
</rdf:RDF>
 
<!-- Generated by the OWL API (version 4.5.9.2019-02-01T07:24:44Z) https://github.com/owlcs/owlapi -->
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>


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vector_neighbours(embeddings['oslo'] - embeddings['norway'] + embeddings['france'])
vector_neighbours(embeddings['oslo'] - embeddings['norway'] + embeddings['france'])
</syntaxhighlight>
</syntaxhighlight>
-->

Latest revision as of 10:54, 20 January 2025

This page currently shows the examples used in the Spring of 2023. It will be updated with examples from 2024 as the course progresses.

Lecture 1: Introduction to KGs

Turtle example: 

@prefix ex: <http://example.org/> .
ex:Roger_Stone
    ex:name "Roger Stone" ;
    ex:occupation ex:lobbyist ;
    ex:significant_person ex:Donald_Trump .
ex:Donald_Trump
    ex:name "Donald Trump" .


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